Dispersion Caused by the Penetration Effect in X-ray Compressors

Chirped X-ray pulse compression is a promising approach for generating ultra-short free electron laser (XFEL) pulses. The design of compressors requires the careful control group delay dispersion (GDD), which plays critical role in achieving optimal compression. However, penetration crystals and multilayers can induce an extra GDD, may result over-compression or under-compression. In this study, we investigate theoretically numerically. Our results indicate that GDD induced by effect increases as bandwidth rocking curve decreases. Moreover, nonlinear be mitigated optimizing configuration compressors. This work provides insights into compensation optimization compressors, are essential XFEL